Tr n a v s k á u n i v e r z i t a v Tr n a v e U n i v e r s i t a s Ty r n a v i e n s i s Filozofická fakulta Facultas Philosophica ANODOS Studies of the Ancient World In Honour of Werner Jobst 8/2008 T R N A V A 2010 ANODOS Studies of the Ancient World 8/2008 Redakčná rada/Editors: Prof. PhDr. Mária Novotná, DrSc., Prof. Dr. Werner Jobst, doc. PhDr. Marie Duková, CSc., doc. PhDr. Klára Kuzmová, CSc. Redakcia/Editorial Staf: doc. PhDr. Klára Kuzmová, CSc., Mgr. Ivana Kvetánová, PhD. Počítačová sadzba/Layout: Zuzana Turzová © Trnavská univerzita v Trnave, Filozoická fakulta Kontaktná adresa (príspevky, ďalšie informácie)/Contact address (contributions, further information):  Katedra klasickej archeológie, Trnavská univerzita v Trnave, Hornopotočná 23, SK-918 43 Trnava  +421-33-5939371; fax: +421-33-5939370  klasarch@truni.sk Publikované s inančnou podporou Ministerstva školstva SR (Projekty: KEGA č. 3/5105/07; VEGA č. 1/0408/09) a Pro Archaeologia Classica. Published with inancial support of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic (Projects: KEGA No. 3/5105/07; VEGA No. 1/0408/09) and the Pro Archaeologia Classica. Za znenie a obsah príspevkov zodpovedajú autori. The authors are responsible for their contributions. Tlač/Printed by: GUPRESS, s.r.o., Bratislava z tlačových podkladov Filozoickej fakulty Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave Žiadna časť tejto publikácie nesmie byť reprodukovaná alebo rozširovaná v žiadnej forme - elektroniky či mehaniky, vrátane fotokópií, nahrávania alebo iným použitím informačného systému vrátane webovýh stránok, bez predbežného písomného súhlasu vlastníka vydavateľskýh práv. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form - electronic or mehanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, including web pages, without the prior writen permission from the copyright owner. ISBN 978-80-8082-384-9 Obálka/Cover: Motív „Zázračného dažďa“ zo stĺpa Marka Aurélia v Ríme. V okienku: Vlys propylonu s tritonmi, Antiocheia v Pisidii (Foto I. H. Mert). Motif of the „Miracle rain“ from the column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome. In the window: Frieze of propylon with Tritons, Antiocheia in Pisidia (Photo I. H. Mert). Graické spracovanie/Graphic elaboration: Mgr. Pavol Šima-Juríček Počítačové spracovanie/Computer elaboration: PhDr. Ivan Kuzma CONTENTS Tabula gratulatoria Zum Geleit Werner Jobst und die Slowakei Shritenverzeihnis von Werner Jobst BAMMER, Anton - MUS, Ulrike Geshihte einer Ausstellung .................................................................................................................................................. 23 BARTUS, Dávid Roman Bone Hairpins with Golden Head ............................................................................................................................ 35 BÍRÓ, Szilvia Zwei neu entdekte Kuhenformen (crustuli) aus Arrabona .............................................................................................. 45 BORCHHARDT, Jürgen - BORCHHARDT-BIRBAUMER, Brigite „Sacra Conversazione“ - Ambiguität in der Antike und der Postmoderne ..................................................................... 51 BORHY, László Ein wiedergefundener und revidierter Altar an Iuppiter Optimus Maximus aus Brigetio ........................................... 85 BOUZEK, Jan Kelten, Germanen, Römer in Miteleuropa an der Zeitenwende ....................................................................................... 89 BULBA, Mustafa Handelsamphorenfüsse aus der Hafenstadt Kaunos .......................................................................................................... 95 BUORA, Maurzio Aquileia Crysopolis, Geshihte einer Legende ................................................................................................................... 109 DOBESCH, Gerhard Die Arverner in den Commentarii Caesars ......................................................................................................................... 115 DOLENZ, Heimo Neue Römersteinfunde aus dem vicus bei St. Mihael am Zollfeld ................................................................................ 131 DYCZEK, Piotr Quales sub primis imperatoribus fuerint forma ac ratio limitis Romani or About the “Network Limes” ............................................................................................................................................. 147 EROL, Ayse Fatma Common Characteristics of Nymphaeums Funded by Herodes Aticus ....................................................................... 157 FACSÁDY, Annamária Glass Distaf From Aquincum: Symbol or Tool? ................................................................................................................ 165 GABLER, Dénes Gallishe Sigillaten in Carnuntum und auf dem Pfafenberg .......................................................................................... 175 GAGETTI, Elisabeta The Present in the Past. The Ancient Romans of Fellini-Satyricon, Between Museums and Fashion Magazines ....................................................................................................................... 201 GASNER, Verena Eine Zauberpuppe aus dem Heiligtum des Iuppiter Heliopolitanus in Carnuntum ................................................... 221 GOSTENČNIK, Kordula Bronzene Bügelzangen aus der späten Republik / frühen Kaiserzeit ............................................................................. 231 KOVÁCS, Péter A Phrygian in the Pannonian Army - Some Notes on the Stela SEG 31, 1116 ............................................................... 241 KVETÁNOVÁ, Ivana – JÍLEK, Jan Römerzeitlihe Balsamarien aus dem Gebiet der ehemaligen Tshehoslowakei ......................................................... 249 MERT, Ibrahim Hakan Frühkaiserzeitlihe Arhitektur und Bauornamentik von Antioheia in Pisidien: Stilistishe und ikonographishe Beobahtungen .............................................................................................................. 259 MUSILOVÁ, Margaréta - TURČAN, Vladimír Zur Interpretation der Tegula mit eingeritzter menshliher Gestalt aus Bratislava – Rusovce ................................. 279 PICCOTTINI, Gernot Ein römerzeitliher Weihealtar aus dem Flussbet der Drau in Villah .......................................................................... 285 POCHMARSKI, Erwin - POCHMARSKI-NAGELE, Margaretha Zur typologishen Einordnung der Mänade von Carnuntum ......................................................................................... 295 RAJTÁR, Ján Ein Dahziegelfragment mit Abdrüken von Siegelringen aus Iža ................................................................................. 305 ŞAHİN, Mustafa Saturnus: An Eastern God in Rome ...................................................................................................................................... 315 SENA CHIESA, Gemma L’albero, le caprete e il pastore. Signiicato e difusione di una iconograia glitica romana tra la Cisalpina e le province transalpine ................................................................................................. 325 SCHERRER, Peter Spelaeum sine camera? Bemerkungen zur Innenraumgestaltung von Mithraeen ........................................................... 341 SIMON, Erika Iris-Laodike und Helena ........................................................................................................................................................ 353 STEINKLAUBER, Ulla Verkannte Grösse – der „norishe Krieger“ ........................................................................................................................ 357 STROBEL, Karl Das Werden der römishen Provinz in Regno Norico unter Augustus ............................................................................ 365 TOK, Emine Kharakipolis: A Byzantine Setlement and a Fortress in Northern Lydia ....................................................................... 375 UBL, Hannsjörg Ergänzende Bemerkungen zu den römishen Militärgürtelbeshlägen von Mehel im Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum ......................................................................................................................... 385 WIPLINGER, Gilbert The Değirmendere Aqueduct to Ephesus ........................................................................................................................... 393 Anodos. Studies of the Ancient World 8/2008, 165-173. Glass Distaf From Aquincum: Symbol or Tool? Annamária R. Facsády Keywords: Twisted Glass Rod, Distaf, Symbolic Object, Distaf in Representations, Aquincum Abstract: A grave in Aquincum yielded an intact twisted stick in glass decorated with the igure of a stylised water bird. The function of twisted glass sticks is not easy to determine, but on the basis of its loop terminal this artefact must have been a tool used in spinning, that is a distaf. Short distafs used in the Roman period had symbolic meanings on representations, too. On sepulchral monuments they were either depicted alone or as the atributes of women, particularly on grave steles in the eastern provinces. Distafs made of glass were suitable for actual work; however, their material and representations make us regard them as symbolic objects. An intact twisted glass rod came to light in a cremation grave in the Western Cemetery of the Aquincum Military Town, the so-called Bécsi Road cemetery1 (Fig. 1). In addition to the glass rod, the grave contained – among other things – a glass spindle-whorl, a bone spindle, an openwork, gilded silver brooch, and various kinds of jewelry. The function of twisted glass rods2 is deined rather ambiguously in scholarly literature. Normally, they are identiied as grinding rods,3 which could be used in beauty treatment or medication to pulverise and mix paints. Fragments terminating in an ornament have usually been described as hair-pins,4 or as votive artefacts5 in some scholarly literature. However, other functions, such as being glass stoppers for perfume botles, have also been atributed to them. The piece from Aquincum discovered totally intact may help in the interpretation of the usage of such twisted glass rods. Twisted glass rods from Aquincum The shat of the 29.3 cm long rod made of blue-green translucent glass is twisted and narrows slightly towards the end. A row of bubbles can be seen in it. At one end, it has a terminal in the form of a very simpliied igure of a bird. The stylised bird is shown with spread wings, its tail is relatively long and turns downwards, and a tut of feathers is indicated on its head. In spite of the simpliication, certain characteristic features are easily recognisable: the wide and rounded beak and the short wings suggest characteristics of water bird. The lower part of the twisted glass rod was formed into a loop by bending it backwards onto the shat, and smoothing it aterwards (Cat. 1, Fig. 2). On the basis of the size, shape, and perhaps even the ornament of the artefact it is most likely that it served as an important implement used by women in Roman households: it was a distaf used in spinning. Our conjecture is supported by that fact that a spindle and a spindle-whorl were also discovered in the grave. Fragments of similar glass rods are also known from other sites in Aquincum (Cat. 2-9). Because of they are fragmentary, their original function cannot be determined with certainty. The rods, made from glass in various colours and purity, have thicknesses ranging from 0.7 cm to 1.3 cm (Fig. 3-5). Their intact upper parts, with the exception of one fragment with rounded top, are decorated with animal igures marked by 1 Facsády 1996, 18. 2 Ising 1957, 94, Form 79. 3 Riha 1986, 43. 4 Barkóczi 1966, 71. 5 Benkő 1962, 182. 165 Annamária R. Facsády the main characteristic features of the animal to be represented. In the case of four pieces, the modelled igure of a bird – a rooster or a duck – is atached to the twisted shat. Item no. 4 in the catalogue stands out from other fragments terminating in igural ornaments for two reasons (Fig. 6). Its top is decorated with a dual animal representation, that is, with the protome of a bird (a rooster) and a mammal of some kind (a dog). Somewhat below them, the even twisting of the shat is broken by a protruding disc. In contrast with the intact piece from Aquincum, the fragments with known provenance come from setlement sites both in the Aquincum Civil Town and the Military Town. Distafs in the Roman period Spinning played an important role in the lives of women in the ancient world. The implements used in spinning were the spindle (fusus)6 and distaf (colus), as well as a basket (calathus)7 in which they kept the spun yarn. Since the tools were easy to move, spinning was not conined to a speciic location. It could be carried out while siting as well as standing, at any time of the day. However, holding of the distaf made it tiring work. While working, the lower part of distaf designed to hold the un-spun wool had to be held in the let hand. Using their thumb and fore-inger they drew out ibers from the wool on the distaf, which were then spun into yarn through the whirling motion of the spindle.8 The direction of the spinning determined the direction of the twist to the yarn. The tools used in spinning could be made in various shapes and materials. For everyday work, they used tools made of reed or wood.9 Short distafs used in the Roman period could be made of wood, metal,10 bone, ivory, amber, jet, or, as the piece from Aquincum testiies, even glass. Roman distafs are 20 to 30 cm-long rods11 with elaborate, scalloped, or grooved Fig. 1. The cremation grave with the glass distaf. Fig. 2. Intact glass distaf with waterbird (Cat.1). 6 For a historical and technological overview, see Grömer 2004. 7 Moeller 1976, 16. 8 Wild 1988, 28. 9 Wild 1970, 31. 10 Most recently: Müller 2010. I would like to express my gratitude to Róbert Müller who allowed me to read his transcript. 11 For the history of research, see Pirling 1976. 166 Glass Distaf from Aquincum: Symbol or Tool? Fig. 3. Fragment of distaf with duck (Cat. 2). Fig. 4. Fragment of glass distaf with rooster (Cat. 3). Fig. 5. Fragment of glass distaf with duck (Cat. 5). surfaces,12 depending on the material they are made of. The amber or jet implements most oten consist of separate beads strung on a piece of metal wire. However, their terminals display great diferences. Besides distafs ending in a disc lat on both sides or in a sphere, there are also pieces terminating in a loop. At the other end of the shat, there may be a igural ornament, a pine-cone ornament, or sometimes a scalloped sphere shaped with a lathe. Alexandra Wasowicz demonstrated through iconographic and morphological arguments, archaeological context, and ethnographic analogies that these later types of tools could also have been distafs.13 The approximately 2 cm-diameter loop formed at the end allowed the implement to be held irmly. Distafs terminating in a loop could be made of glass, bronze, but most oten of ivory or bone. In addition, the Louvre preserves a fragmentary wooden piece.14 Wasowitz has data on more glass distafs.15 The piece from Kertsch is identical with the one found in the Aquincum grave, but on its top the bird – most probably a dove or pigeon – is represented with folded wings and a pointed beak. Twisted rods decorated with aryballos are known from Cologne. These pieces date to AD 200.16 An intact distaf of unknown provenance has a small round glass disc hanging from the loop terminal. The Royal Ontario Museum preserves a fragment terminating in a loop from Cyprus.17 Following Ising, Hayes dates this piece to the AD irst or second century. A nearly intact piece with loop terminal is known from Sadovec, Bulgaria.18 Small fragments of a loop have been found are known from Augst.19 12 For a technological overview, see Gotschalk 1996, 484-7. 13 Wasowicz 1987, 270-1. 14 Wasowitz 1987, 268. 15 Wasowitz 1987, 270. 16 Fremersdorf 1984, 11 (Cat. 249), 113 (Cat. 253). 17 Hayes 1975, 186, Cat. 656b. 18 Rau 2004, Fig. 9. 19 Riha 1986, 41. 167 Annamária R. Facsády In Pannonia, fragmentary glass rods regarded as distafs were discovered in Brigetio and Intercisa as well as in Aquincum. The igural parts of the three pieces from Brigetio20 are missing, but their loops reveal their original function. All of them were found in graves and can be dated to the AD second century. The distaf from Intercisa, however, only retains the igural part: a representation of a bird with a raised tail can be seen atop the twisted shat.21 The object, brought to light from a grave in Savaria is described as a glass hairpin in the publication.22 The ends of the 19.5 cm-long, tawny-colored glass rod are twisted, the mid-section is rectangular, and one end is bent. It is only 0.4 cm thick. Its bent end renders its original function unambiguous. Where fragments terminate in an ornament, sections of various lengths of the twisted shat are more oten preserved. They show great variability in terms of material, the density of the twists, and the diameter of the shat. Ising has data on irst-century pieces from Pompeii, Locarno, Xanten, and Njmagen.23 Opaque, colored glass rods were discovered in Aquileia. Riha deals with fragments of various size in detail among tools used in beauty treatment.24 Among the datable pieces coming from known archaeological contexts there are AD irst- and secondcentury fragments, as well as pieces dated to the irst quarter of the AD third century. The fragment from Apulum dates from the AD third or fourth century.25 These fragments come from all over the Roman Empire, and because they difer in dating and diameter, one cannot exclude that they had diferent functions, as well. Distafs in representations Tools used in spinning appear in various representations. It was a beloved motif of Greek vase paintings, where spinning itself was depicted among gynaeceum scenes.26 The process of spinning can be seen, for example, on the Achilles bowl from Kaiseraugst,27 and on a mosaic from Tunis.28 Fig. 6. Fragment of glass distaf with two animal igures (Cat. 4). 20 Barkóczi 1966, 86, Cat. 4. 21 Intercisa II, Cat. 6, Fig. XXVIII/7. 22 Mócsy 1954, 168. 23 Ising 1957, 95. 24 Riha 1986, 41-3. 25 Höpken-Fiedler 2002, 386, Cat. 57. 26 Wasowitz 1989, 411. 27 Gotschalk 1996, Fig. 14. 28 Bardo Museum, Tunis. 168 Fig. 7. Grave stele of Valeria Severa from Aquincum. Glass Distaf from Aquincum: Symbol or Tool? On sepulchral monuments, instead of the process of spinning, it is merely the implement that indicates this traditional women’s work. As an independent object, it is shown accompanied by other tools that refer to womankind, such as mirrors or hairpins.29 The other way distafs were represented was to show it together with the female igure represented on the relief. It appears primarily on grave steles from the western provinces where the distaf containing a quantity of un-spun wool and the spindle, full of ibers waiting to be processed, are shown placed next to the chair as an indirect reference.30 On a grave stele from Britain, Regina is depicted holding her distaf in her hand, while her basket sits by her size together with her jewelry box.31 The relief on a sarcophagus from Bithynia shows the distaf on its own, separately from the married couple depicted in reclining positions.32 The spindle and distaf were most oten represented being held in the woman’s hands. The two implements can be either held in the same hand, or separately, in two hands. This type of representation of the spindle appears in the western provinces,33 but it is more typical of the eastern provinces.34 The women of Palmyra were depicted holding a spindle and a distaf in their hands wear no jewelry, or only a few pieces although a few are shown wearing quantities of jewelry.35 The spindle and distaf represented as individual implements also appear on Pannonian grave steles. The lower part of the sepulchral slab of Surus from Maribor is decorated with a spindle and distaf connected to the yarn being prepared.36 The loop terminal of the distaf is clearly recognizable on one side of the AD second century sepulchral altar of Titus Publius Surio from Bassianae.37 The fragment of a relief from Mursa also depicts a distaf terminating in a loop.38 Nevertheless, these tools are more frequently represented held in the hand on Pannonian monuments, too. The earliest grave steles show women holding the distaf and spindle together in one hand, but in some cases it can not be ascertained whether both tools were meant to be depicted, or it is only the spindle that is visible on the relief.39 The two implements are certainly present on the AD irst century grave stele of Petronius Rufus,40 as well as on a family grave stele from Ulcisia Castra, preserved in Aquincum Museum.41 There are some second century monuments that undoubtedly show both a spindle and a distaf. On these reliefs, the iber and the ball of yarn on the tools can be distinctly seen. Such reliefs are known from Ulcisia Castra,42 Gorsium,43 Intercisa,44 and Aquincum45 (Fig. 7). Except for the sepulchral slab of Petronius Rufus, women are represented in indigenous costume on all these monuments. These grave steles date from the irst and second centuries. However, it shows the signiicance of distaf that it continues to sporadically appear on later representations. The relief on an AD fourth century 29 Wasowicz 1987, Fig. 6; Cremer 1996, Fig. 6; Pfuhl-Möbius 1979, No. 2291; Hoiller and Saria 1938, No. 264. 30 Noelke 1974, 556, Fig. 10; Trinkl 1996. Fig. 3. 31 Hope 1997, 252. 32 Trinkl 1996, Fig. 2. 33 Cremer 1996, Fig. 7. 34 Amty and Henri 1936, 241; Ingholt 1928, Cat. 31-3, 35, 41-2, 45-6. 35 Facsády 2009, 690. 36 Hoiler and Saria 1938, No. 264. 37 CIL III. 0322=10209. 38 Dautova 1983, No. 143. 39 CSIR Carnuntum 315, RIU 3, No. 925, 928. 40 Erdélyi 1974. Nr. 82. 41 Kuzsinszky 1934, No 150. 42 Maróti 2003, No. 10. 43 Barkóczi 1982/83, Fig. 16. 44 RIU 5, No. 1208, No. 1262; RIU 6, No. 1475; Intercisa I, 1954, No. 174. 45 Facsády 2008, 29, note 86. 169 Annamária R. Facsády marble sarcophagus discovered in Saint-Hilaire de Lusignan depicts the morning grooming session. The lady siting in a wicker armchair surrounded by her maids – who comb her hair, hold up a mirror for her, and bring water – is holding a distaf in her let hand. Distaf as a symbolic object Stone-carvers tried to represent the tool of spinning on monuments as accurately as their skills permited. However, the distaf must be regarded mainly as a symbol and not as a household implement. The topos of the traditional ideal woman who provides her family with clothes appears over and over again in ancient literary and iconographical traditions. One part of that work was spinning, that is preparing, yarn of varying thickness, which could be carried out anywhere.46 The idea of lanam fecit survived into the period when the preparation of garments was no longer the task of the housewife. Dealing with wool – and particularly spinning – became the symbolic virtue of the mater familias, which was also expressed in epitaphs.47 Although imperial ideology atempted to maintain the tradition, even given the example of the imperial house,48 the need to work had changed in everyday life. The idea of the matrona spinning and weaving at home survived only at the level of necessity. The tools of spinning had important role in sepulchral tradition, as well. In the provinces of Asia Minor the spindle and distaf represented in the hands of the women on grave steles symbolized married life, that they had a husband.49 Handing over the distaf formed part of Roman wedding ceremonies. Finely elaborated pieces or material were given as wedding presents.50 It is a question as to whether glass distafs can be reckoned among these pieces. The twisted shat of the rods would have helped keep the textile ibers in place. Thus, they could have been suitable for normal use. The measurements, especially the diameter, of the distafs depended on the quality of the yarn to be produced, and the required force with which the ilament was drew may explain the great diferences that the diameters of glass rods show. On the other hand, their fragile material makes their frequent use doubtful. (Thus, the need for diferent measures that was necessary for producing diferent yarns is also questionable.) It is their material that makes us suggest that glass distafs were not simple tools used in housework, but rather symbolic objects owned by the mater familias. Even if they were used for spinning from time to time, they could perfectly demonstrate that the diligent woman of the house was not forced to work by necessity. Twisted glass rods in Aquincum Museum: 1. Intact glass distaf (Fig. 2) Twisted rod made of blue-green colored, translucent glass, with a loop at the lower extremity, and surmounted by the igure of a bird with spread wings and long tail. Inventory number: R 2045 Site: 3 Bécsi Road – 4-6 Lajos Street – Cserfa Street, District II, Budapest (Cemetery of the Aquincum Military Town) Measure: L. 29.3 cm, D. 1.2-1.5 cm (Bird: 3.2 x 4.3 cm) Literature: Facsády 1996, 18. 2. Fragment of a glass distaf (Fig. 3) Fragment of a twisted rod made from dark glass, with the igure of a bird (a duck?). Inventory number: 79.10.57. 46 Lovén 1998, 85. 47 Adamik 1978, 185. 48 Lovén 1998, 89. 49 Wasowicz 1987, 271; Biró 1994, 210. 50 Bíró 1994, 212. 170 Glass Distaf from Aquincum: Symbol or Tool? Site: Kazal Street, District III, Budapest (southern region of the Aquincum Civil Town) Measure: L. 2.4 cm, W. 2.7 cm, D. 0.7 cm Literature: Pető 1984, 277; Zsidi 2009, cat. 654. 3. Fragment of a glass distaf (Fig. 4) Fragment of a twisted glass rod made of light green colored glass, with the representation of a bird (a hen or a rooster) with a pointed beak and long tail. Inventory number: 94.1.K30. Site: Pacsirtamező Street, District III, Budapest (Aquincum Military Town) Measure: L. 5.6 cm, W. 2.9 cm, D. 1.1 cm Literature: Zsidi 2009, cat. 655. 4. Fragment of a glass distaf (Fig. 6) Fragment of a twisted rod made of dark green-blue glass with two animal igures. The shat has a ring protrusion. One of the animal igures is a bird (a rooster) with a long beak and a comb on its head, the other is an animal, most likely a dog. Inventory number: R 2316 Site: Pók Street, District III, Budapest (Aquincum Civil Town) Measure: L. 6 cm, W. 3.7 cm, D. 1.1 cm Literature: Zsidi 2009, cat. 656. 5. Fragmentary distaf in glass (Fig. 5) Twisted rod made of blue glass, widening evenly, surmounted by the igure of a bird (a duck?). Inventory number: 50641 Site: District III, Budapest, Aquincum Measure: L. 18.5 cm, W. 3.6 cm, D. 0.9-1.3 cm Literature: Zsidi 2009, cat. 657. 6. Fragment of a glass distaf Fragment of an unevenly twisted rod made of pale green, translucent glass. Both ends are broken, damaged. Inventory number: 56.34.44. Site: District III, Budapest, Aquincum Measure: L. 7.7 cm, D. 1.3-1.6 cm 7. Fragment of a glass rod Fragment of a twisted pale green glass rod. Inventory number: 70.1.23. Site: District III, Budapest, Aquincum, Civil Town Measure: L. 2.3 cm, D. 0.8 cm 8. Fragment of a glass rod Fragment of a twisted rod made of colorless glass. Inventory number: 47/6/7797 Site: District III, Budapest, Aquincum Measure: L. 4 cm, D. 0.8 cm 9. Fragment of a glass rod Fragment of a twisted rod made of colorless glass. One end is rounded, the other is fragmented. Inventory number: 52412 171 Annamária R. Facsády Site: Gázgyár, District III, Budapest, (Aquincum Civil Town) Measure: L. 6.2 cm, D. 1-0.6 cm 10. Frament of a glass rod Fragment of a twisted rod made of pale green glass. Inventory number: 65601 Measure: L. 6.2cm, D. 1-0.7 cm R. Facsády Annamária PhD. Aquincumi Múzeum facsady@aquincum.hu Bibliography Adamik, T. 1978. Aelia Sabina, vale (CE 489). ArchÉrt 105: 184-8. Amty, R., and S. Henri. 1936. “Recherches dans la nécropole de Palmyra.” Syria 17: 229-66. Barkóczi, L. 1966. ”Die datierten Glasfunde aus dem II. Jahrhundert von Brigetio.” Folia Arh. 18: 67-89. 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